Which incident prompted stricter regulations on shipping, including mandatory life-saving devices?

The incident that prompted stricter regulations on shipping, including mandatory life-saving devices, is the sinking of the Titanic. This tragic event in 1912 led to significant changes in maritime safety standards. Prior to the Titanic disaster, safety regulations were not as stringent, and many ships did not carry enough lifeboats for all passengers and crew. The loss of over 1,500 lives highlighted the fatal consequences of inadequate safety measures.

In the wake of the Titanic disaster, the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) was established in 1914. This convention led to the implementation of stricter regulations around life-saving appliances and safety procedures for ocean-going vessels. It mandated that ships must carry enough lifeboats and life rafts to accommodate all on board, greatly improving safety standards.

While the other incidents mentioned, such as the Torrey Canyon oil spill and the Exxon Valdez disaster, did contribute to changes and awareness in specific areas of maritime law and environmental protection, they did not directly lead to the same kind of comprehensive review of life-saving equipment and standards as the Titanic tragedy did. The sinking of the Titanic remains a pivotal moment in maritime history, directly influencing the regulations and safety protocols used today.