What term is used for the act of transporting illegal items or people?

The term used for the act of transporting illegal items or people is smuggling. Smuggling involves the clandestine movement of goods, such as drugs, weapons, or contraband, as well as people, typically across borders without the authorization of the governing legal authorities. This practice is often motivated by profit, and it frequently involves avoiding customs duties and other legal restrictions.

In the context of maritime activities, smuggling can take place via ships, with smugglers using various tactics to evade detection by law enforcement agencies. The practice has significant legal implications and can affect national security, public health, and the economy.

Other terms, while related to maritime activities or illegal actions, do not specifically define the act of transporting illegal goods or individuals. For example, terrorism refers to violent acts intended to create fear or intimidation, usually for political purposes; piracy involves robbery or criminal violence at sea; and barratry is related to fraudulent acts conducted by a ship's master or crew to benefit themselves at the owner’s expense.